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Authors
Motlhaoleng, Katlego https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-1038
Maartens, Gary https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3080-6606
Vilakazi-Nhlapo, Kgomotso https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5025-7339
Golub, Jonathan E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2398-3145
Shearer, Kate https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-4258
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (D43 TW010559)
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Article History
Received: 13 October 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
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: The protocol was approved by the University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant South African national and institutional guidelines for research involving human participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
