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Article History

Received: 3 March 2025

Accepted: 3 February 2026

First Online: 20 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This project was conducted as a commissioned quality improvement initiative focused on describing and comparing models of care, rather than as human subjects research. In accordance with the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS 2) , Article 2.5, quality improvement and program evaluation activities conducted exclusively for assessment, management, or improvement purposes do not fall within the scope of research ethics board (REB) review and are exempt from formal ethical approval [ ]. As such, the study was not subject to REB review, and the requirement of the Declaration of Helsinki, intended to govern medical research involving human participants, were not applicable. Nevertheless, ethical principles of transparency and respect for participants were upheld. All interview participants provided verbal informed consent prior to participation. At the start of each interview, participants were informed of the purpose of the project and were also offered the opportunity to receive any resulting publications.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.