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Authors
Rudberg, Ingela https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-3374
Olsson, Annakarin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-1922
Thunborg, Charlotta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-1747
Salzmann-Erikson, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-8998
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Gävle
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Article History
Received: 27 November 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: In line with the overarching ethical principles set out in the Declaration of Helsinki, an application for ethical review of the secondary analysis of pre-existing data was submitted to the Swedish Ethics Review Authority (No. 2024-02699-01). The Authority dismissed the application because the study does not fall within the scope of the national ethics review requirements; formal ethical approval was therefore not needed. Patient consent for publication was not required as the secondary analysis utilised pre-existing data from previous studies.
: All participants provided informed consent during the initial phase of primary data collection. As the present study is a secondary analysis of previously collected and de-identified data, no additional consent was sought for this specific analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
