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Authors
Mekonnen, Amsalu Teferi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8511-5213
Tsegaw, Gininu Wendmeneh https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3123-0369
Lebesa, Mikiyas Tullu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0326-3597
Eshete, Belete Melesegn
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Article History
Received: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Research Review Board (IRB) of Menelik II Medical and Health Science College and the Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau Research Ethics Committee. Administrative permission was also secured from each participating hospital prior to data collection. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant ethical guidelines. The purpose and procedures of the study were clearly explained to all participants, and informed consent was obtained via signature or left thumbprint. Participation was voluntary, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without any negative consequences. To ensure privacy and confidentiality, no personal identifiers such as names or medical record numbers were collected. All data were anonymized, stored securely, and reported in aggregate form. Ethical principles, including respect for autonomy and participants’ rights, were maintained throughout the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
