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Authors
Li, Sheng
Li, Zhiguo
Wu, Yujie
Li, Yuting
Wang, Jinyu
Liang, Liping
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Article History
Received: 13 December 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of Lanzhou Pulmonary Hospital (No: 2024111901), conducted in accordance with the guiding principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and obtained informed consent from all participants. Ethical considerations were adhered to in terms of the principles of anonymity and confidentiality of information, voluntary participation, obtaining informed consent, and explaining the study objectives and procedures to participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
