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Authors
Akpen, Catherine Nabiem https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2218-2254
Uwatt, Edikan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4719-0078
Dauda, Mahfus
Ngobua, Stallone
Kubura, Daradara
Sampson, Sidney https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5303-5475
Atobatele, Sunday https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-2561
Ogunsanya, Adeyinka
Okagbue, Hilary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3779-9763
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Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the National Health Research Ethics Committee (NHREC) with approval number NHREC/01/01/2007-31/10/2024. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants after explaining the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Anonymity and confidentiality were strictly maintained using coded identifiers. No personally identifying information was recorded. All data were stored electronically in password-protected systems accessible only to authorized research personnel. The study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2018 as revised).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
