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Article History

Received: 23 July 2025

Accepted: 17 February 2026

First Online: 2 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital (Approval No. 2025-Scientific Ethics Review-88). At the beginning of the questionnaire, all participants were fully informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, their rights to withdraw at any time without any negative consequences, and the measures taken to ensure anonymity and confidentiality. By proceeding to complete the questionnaire, participants provided their informed consent to participate in the study. All responses were collected anonymously and kept strictly confidential. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.