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Article History

Received: 30 September 2024

Accepted: 4 March 2026

First Online: 12 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study conforms to the standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. According to the“Measures for Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects”issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in February 2023, it is explicitly stipulated that certain life sciences and medical research involving human subjects may be exempted from ethical review when the following conditions are met: the research utilizes human information data or biological samples, does not endanger human health, and does not involve sensitive personal information or commercial interests. The document specifies that under specific circumstances, life sciences and medical research involving human subjects may be exempted from ethical review. This study obtained the understanding and informed consent of the respondents, and the research process followed the principle of strict confidentiality, not disclosing the content of the study, keeping the content of the survey strictly confidential, using the information obtained only for scientific research, and respecting the privacy of the respondents. Based on this, the ethical risk of this study was extremely low, and it was approved by (Southern Medical University, China) without further ethical review.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.