Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 August 2025

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 21 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Data collection procedures were approved by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) in accordance with the Regulation on Procedures and Principles Regarding Confidential Data Privacy and Data Security in Official Statistics, published on 20/06/2006 (Ref. No. 26204). This regulation ensures the lawful collection of data and the protection of confidentiality. The TSI also approved the data collection protocols, including those involving experimental procedures. Informed and written consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians prior to survey participation. All datasets provided by TSI were fully anonymized prior to analysis to ensure participant confidentiality. As the study involved no identifiable personal data, and in accordance with Law No. 6698 (2016) on the Protection of Personal Data in Türkiye, ethical review by an institutional review board (IRB) was not required. Ethical standards were followed throughout, in full compliance with TSI and national data protection regulations.

: None.

: The authors declare no competing interests.