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Article History

Received: 7 May 2025

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 10 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The study relied on two primary data sources: (1) temperature data recorded by automated loggers, and (2) accompanying tracking forms completed by designated data collectors, which captured the time of arrival and departure of the loggers at each cold chain level, as well as the type of equipment used for storage and transport. Health workers participated solely in the role of data collectors and were not study subjects. Thus, the study did not involve human participants, and as such, ethical approval was not required in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki [ ] and applicable Ukrainian legislation [ ].

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.