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Authors
Osman, Nor Haji
Abdi, Abdiweli Mohamed
Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelrahman
Ahmed, Nur Rashid
Fiidow, Osman Abubakar
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Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study involved human participants, and the researchers obtained ethical clearance from the ethical review board of the Somali National Institute of Health (NIH/IRB/07/MAR/2024). Additionally, the researchers obtained a supporting letter from the Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from each study participant after they were informed of the study’s objectives and potential benefits. To maintain the confidentiality of the information provided by the study subjects, the data collection procedure was conducted anonymously.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
