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Authors
Lee, Miae
Anderson, Lesley A.
Piltonen, Emilia
Maheshwari, Abha
Griffin, Julian L.
Vasan, Seshadri S.
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 18 March 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Formal review by the NHS Research Ethics Committee and informed consent to participate were not required, as confirmed by the North of Scotland Research Ethics Service in accordance with UK national research governance guidance, which raised no ethical concerns and had no objections to publication. Participation was voluntary, and anonymity and confidentiality were maintained throughout. While formal consent procedures were not required, all efforts were made to ensure ethical engagement with participants.
: Not applicable. The manuscript contains no individual-level personal data or identifiable images.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
