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Authors
Zhang, Liming
Wang, Ning
Xian, Chunli
Fan, Meng
Xu, Jianghua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Scientific and Technological Innovation Project for Graduate Students of the School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine (yjc2024006)
Shiyan’s Science and Technology Bureau Foundation (24Y007)
Key Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Provinc (2025ZD004)
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Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study followed the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the Science and Technology Ethics Committee of Hubei University of Medicine on July 4, 2024, approval number 2024-RE-23; and it has been registered in the Medical Research Registration and Filing Information System, registration number HSR-25-000216. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
