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Assessment of quality of emergency care services in terms of availability and readiness in public and private tertiary care hospitals in Rawalpindi, Pakistan: a comparative study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-14453-x

Published Online: 2026-04-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Bukhari, Syed Jawad Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1765-1665
Jahan, Sania

Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-04-03

Version of Record valid from 2026-05-14
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Article History

Received: 15 November 2025

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 3 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan (Ref NO: 000675/HSA/MSPH-2023). Written informed consent was obtained from hospital officials and respondents. The identity of respondents was kept confidential. General ethical principles, including respect for the participants, were followed. Data were safely kept with minimal access granted to specific people handling the information to comply with data protection. Data were in coding form, and confidentiality was maintained.

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any person’s or institutional data.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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