Document is current

Article History

Received: 2 July 2025

Accepted: 24 March 2026

First Online: 30 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was not needed. This article is based on anonymized data from secondary source (cross-sectional data), National Sample Survey (NSS) 75th round Household Social Consumption: Health available in public domain. It can be accessed upon registration at . The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India suppresses or anonymises the identification details of individuals/establishments. The author did not have access to any identifiable information related to the households. The survey is conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation of the Government of India. Data available in the public domain are approved for research purposes by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India. Refer to for data dissemination guidelines.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.