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Article History

Received: 13 January 2026

Accepted: 26 March 2026

First Online: 2 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study focuses on optimizing sterilization supply management via an integrated information system and does not involve human participants, human data, or human tissue. Per relevant national regulations and ethical guidelines, such research is exempt from ethical review. The Central Hospital of Wuhan Ethics Committee confirms this study does not meet the criteria for human-related research, thus no formal ethical approval is required. Given the absence of human participants, informed consent is not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.