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Authors
Nwankwo, Ogonna N. O.
Oyo-Ita, Angela
Ekpenyong, Nnette
Iwasam, Agbor
Auer, Christian
Ross, Amanda
Wyss, Kaspar
Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier
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Article History
Received: 26 October 2024
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 25 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and received ethical approval from both the Cross River State Ministry of Health, Calabar Health Research Ethics Committee, reference: CRS/MH/HREC/018/Vol. V1/151 (Nigeria) and the Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz (EKNZ), reference: 2018–01059 (Switzerland). Informed consent to participate was obtained from all of the participants in the study. All health workers were informed about the content of the study without informing them on the particular interest of observing differences in data related activities and all participants provided verbal consent prior to the start of the study. No personal identifiers were collected from the observations. For patient-related activities such as physical examinations, the health workers had to first explain and take verbal consent from clients to allow the observers to be present.
: Not applicable
: The authors declare no competing interests.
