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Article History

Received: 5 March 2026

Accepted: 21 April 2026

First Online: 9 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Reproductive Hospital of Shandong University (Approval No. [2023]伦审字(116)号). All participants provided informed consent prior to participation. Consent was obtained prior to the administration of the study questionnaire.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.