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Article History

Received: 25 January 2026

Accepted: 7 May 2026

First Online: 13 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the ‘World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki, Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects.

: The written informed and assent consent after clearly explaining the objectives and aims of the study was taken from each participant before the data collection. They were informed about the right to refuse to participate or to withdraw consent to participate at any time.

: Not applicable.

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of Pokhara University ( Reference number : 149/2081/82). An approval letter was obtained for the study from the health directorate Gandaki province and the respective health section of the municipal office of health facilities.

: Participants were informed that participating in the study may enhance their learning and awareness, and their participation contributes to public health. Busy working hours were avoided to minimize any risk to the participants.

: Research findings were disseminated at Pokhara University through presentations and the submission of a black book.

: Privacy and confidentiality were strictly maintained. All data was anonymized, and unique codes were used instead of personal identifiers. Data was securely stored and accessible only to the research team.

: The authors declare no competing interests.