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Authors
Ji, Seokmin
Park, Sewon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-7020
Lee, Munjae https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-4187
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2023S1A3A2A05095298)
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 15 May 2026
First Online: 28 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) is publicly available, and all data are fully anonymized prior to release. Therefore, this study did not require institutional ethical approval or informed consent from participants.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
