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Article History

Received: 5 March 2026

Accepted: 2 June 2026

First Online: 6 June 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study used municipality-level aggregated data without individual identifiers and therefore fell outside the scope of formal review by an institutional ethics committee under our institutional regulations. The municipal survey was conducted with permission from the Director of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology. Designated municipal officers were provided with written information describing the purpose of the study, voluntariness of participation, data handling procedures, privacy safeguards, potential benefits and risks, and dissemination plans. Written informed consent was obtained by requiring participants to indicate their agreement on the questionnaire before participation. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.