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Authors
Ain, Farhat Ul https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8149-8966
Zia, Nukhba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-6049
Thobani, Rozina Salman https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4930-6041
Aziz, Farzana https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6943-3180
Fazal, Maheen https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1371-9385
Latif, Asad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-1198
Asim, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8193-124X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The United States Agency for International Development
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2026
Accepted: 4 June 2026
First Online: 18 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The Pakistan National Bioethics Committee (NBC Ref: NBC-942) and the Aga Khan University Ethical Review Committee (ERC Ref: 2024-10065-29849) provided its ethical approval. Every participant received information on the goals, methods, and rights of the study. Prior to data collection, all subjects provided written informed consent.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. No identifiable personal information is included.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
