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Authors
Cooper, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4605-6643
Bila, Alice
Kadio, Kadidiatou
Bila, Haoua
Gagnon-Dufresne, Marie-Catherine
Sarmiento, Ivan
Bicaba, Frank
Druetz, Thomas
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fonds de recherche du Québec
Queen Elizabeth Scholars
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Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Accepted: 12 June 2026
First Online: 8 July 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: All participants provided informed written consent to participate. The study was approved by the Comité d’éthique de la recherche en sciences de la santé at University of Montreal (Certificate #CERSES-2022-1809) and by the Comité d’éthique pour la Recherche en Santé in Burkina Faso (Deliberation #2023-03-051). Participants were compensated for transportation and provided with a meal at the end of each session. All methods were carried out in accordance with the guidelines and regulations in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate: All participants provided informed written consent to participate.
Consent for publication: All participants provided informed written consent to publish the findings of the study.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
