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Authors
Li, Jackie Zhanbiao
Lao, Yingqian
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Article History
Received: 6 March 2026
Accepted: 15 June 2026
First Online: 30 June 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University (No. 2025QTLL-34). The analysis used retrospective, de-identified hospital DRG data and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional regulations.
: The requirement for individual informed consent was waived because the study used retrospective, de-identified administrative data and involved no direct participant contact or intervention.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
