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Article History

Received: 29 April 2026

Accepted: 21 June 2026

First Online: 4 July 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Anhui Chest Hospital prior to data extraction. Owing to the retrospective study design and the exclusive use of de-identified administrative data, the same Ethics Committee of Anhui Chest Hospital that approved the study also formally waived the requirement for individual informed consent to participate. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifying images or any other personal or clinical details that could compromise anonymity; all data were analyzed and are reported in de-identified, aggregate form.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not Applicable.