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Authors
Wang, Ying
Qiu, Lingxian
Deng, Xuan
Chen, Yingping
Liang, Yuxia
Yu, Menglu
Xu, Xiaoping
Pan, Xuejiao
Wang, Shenyu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFC2310605)
Zhejiang Science and Technology Plan for Disease Prevention and Control (2026JKZ025)
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2026
Accepted: 25 June 2026
First Online: 30 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted as part of the National Key R&D Program of China (Project No. 2024YFC2310605), led by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention under the ethics approval for “Real-World Study on Vaccine Effectiveness Against Pertussis and Other Diseases” (approval number: 202455, approval date: December 30, 2024). As the lead institution of the program, the China CDC obtained the centralized ethical approval covering all collaborating units and participating sites. The IRB waived the requirement for informed consent as this study involved secondary analysis of anonymized individual-level data extracted from the Zhejiang Provincial Immunization Information System. All personal identifiers were removed prior to data extraction, and no direct participant contact was involved. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national regulations on the ethical conduct of research.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
