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Article History

Received: 5 March 2026

Accepted: 9 July 2026

First Online: 22 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University Hospital of Duisburg-Essen (ref. no. 20-9792-BO). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Data basis for this research was anonymized secondary data of two statutory health insurance funds. The data was used solely for the purposes of the study, and the authors had no access to any identifying information. Due to the anonymized data, consent to participate was not applicable. No individual or public health insurance funds can be identified. The evaluating institute (EsFoMed GmbH) received the anonymized secondary data required for the project and had the necessary approvals for the use of the data by participating statutory health insurance funds.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: SW, SS, PS, LF, CA, KH, AW, JW, SN declare no conflict of interest. DB, BL and GH are members of the German Psychotherapists Association (DPtV). FW and DT were employees of the AOK Federal Association; DW and UM are employees of Barmer. CS is a member of the Professional Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy in Germany (bkjpp); BM and HT are members of the Association of Analytical Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists in Germany (VAKJP).