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Article History

Received: 7 April 2026

Accepted: 15 July 2026

First Online: 17 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study received approval from the Ethics Committee at Taif University, with reference number (HAPO-02-T-105). Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and they were informed of the purpose and objective of the study before starting data collection. Participants were made aware of their right to withdraw from the study at any time, and their privacy and confidentiality were guaranteed. This research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. No rewards or incentives were offered for participation by either the researcher or the hospital authorities. Their permission was then obtained, which confirmed their free and voluntary consent. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.