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Authors
Lambert-Kerzner, Anne
Henderson, William
Myers, Quintin
Hagedorn, Hildi
Mucharsky, Ellison
Harnke, Ben
Stuart, Christina
Dyas, Adam
Bronsert, Michael
Colborn, Kathryn
Meguid, Robert
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
This study was supported by internal funding from the Surgical Outcomes and Applied Research Program, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Article History
Received: 6 January 2026
Accepted: 21 July 2026
First Online: 30 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board determined this study exempt from review as it used publicly available de-identified data.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Disclosures: The authors have no relevant disclosures.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
