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Authors
Qiu, Lei
Wang, Ying
Zuo, Xin
Huang, Xinxin
Deng, Shiye
Hong, Jianhe
Liu, Yumei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Education Department of Hainan Province (Qhys2024-439)
Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (824RC520)
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Article History
Received: 30 April 2026
Accepted: 29 July 2026
First Online: 17 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hainan Medical University (Approval No. HYLL-2023-106). The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Research Ethics Committee of Hainan Medical University because the study involved a non-interventional anonymous questionnaire survey among primary healthcare workers and did not collect identifiable personal information. Participation was voluntary, and completion of the questionnaire was regarded as implied consent to participate.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Disclosure: The authors declare that artificial intelligence (AI) tools were used solely for English-language translation and linguistic polishing. All scientific content, data analyses, and interpretations were conceived, conducted, and verified exclusively by the authors.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
