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Authors
Yuan, Xue-Jiao
Ren, Yi
Miao, Ming-Yue
Liu, Hai-Yang
Xu, Shan-Shan
Zhang, Rui-Zhi
Liu, Yi-Ran
Li, Hong-Liang
Wang, Yue-Fu
Liu, Yang
Zhou, Jian-Xin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
"14th Five-Year Plan" Talent Project of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Article History
Received: 18 March 2025
Accepted: 5 August 2026
First Online: 11 August 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval and consent to participate: This study was a secondary analysis of aggregated, publicly available data derived from the China Health Statistical Yearbook (2014–2023) and the China Statistical Yearbook (2021–2023), both of which are officially published by the National Health Commission and the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China, respectively. All data were collected and reported at the provincial level, without any individual patient information, personal identifiers, or direct human subject involvement. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not applicable for this study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
Consent for publication: By submitting my article, I agree to pay the APC in full if my article is accepted for publication.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
