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Authors
Sudastri, Ni Kadek https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6267-3468
Sawitri, Anak Agung Sagung
Lubis, Dinar Saurmauli
Widarini, Ni Putu
Januraga, Pande Putu
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Article History
Received: 9 March 2026
Accepted: 24 August 2026
First Online: 27 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, and Prof. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar (No. 2013/UN14.2.2.V11.14/LT/2024). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonisation - Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.
Consent for publication: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants.
Competing interests: Several authors are affiliated with institutions engaged in HIV-related research. The authors’ respective professional backgrounds and expertise may have influenced the perspectives presented in this study. These potential influences were disclosed and considered to ensure transparency and objectivity.
