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Article History

Received: 21 March 2026

Accepted: 15 September 2026

First Online: 19 September 2026

Declarations

Ethical approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this research was granted by the National Ethics Committee for Health Research in Burkina Faso (No. 2021-10-232). Before data collection began, formal authorization was obtained from the General Secretariat of the Ministry of Health. This was relayed to the heads of the relevant health districts, who in turn informed the heads of the peripheral healthcare facilities involved. Participation in the study was voluntary. All participants were informed of their rights, including the right to withdraw at any time without penalty. To ensure confidentiality, the data were completely anonymized. Any information that could identify the facilities or individuals was removed. The data were stored in a secure database with restricted access, accessible only to researchers and the digital files were password-protected.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.