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Authors
Tvaliashvili, Mari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3032-8299
Sulaberidze, Lela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-8731
Gotsadze, George https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-7125
Goodman, Catherine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-3485
Hanson, Kara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9928-2823
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Department for International Development (MR/T018062/1)
The Department for International Development (MR/T018062/1)
The Department for International Development (MR/T018062/1)
The Department for International Development (MR/T018062/1)
The Department for International Development (MR/T018062/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/T018062/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/T018062/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/T018062/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/T018062/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/T018062/1)
Wellcome Trust (MR/T018062/1)
Wellcome Trust (MR/T018062/1)
Wellcome Trust (MR/T018062/1)
Wellcome Trust (MR/T018062/1)
Wellcome Trust (MR/T018062/1)
Economic and Social Research Council (MR/T018062/1)
Economic and Social Research Council (MR/T018062/1)
Economic and Social Research Council (MR/T018062/1)
Economic and Social Research Council (MR/T018062/1)
Economic and Social Research Council (MR/T018062/1)
Health Systems Research Initiative-Foundation Grant (MR/T018062/1)
Health Systems Research Initiative-Foundation Grant (MR/T018062/1)
Health Systems Research Initiative-Foundation Grant (MR/T018062/1)
Health Systems Research Initiative-Foundation Grant (MR/T018062/1)
Health Systems Research Initiative-Foundation Grant (MR/T018062/1)
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Article History
Received: 29 March 2026
Accepted: 16 September 2026
First Online: 26 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Respondents of the IDIs were explained the study objectives and were required to sign an informed consent. Similarly, consent was obtained from online survey respondents before they started filling out online questionnaire. The survey data was anonymous to ensure respondents could not be identified. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK (Reference: 22456), and the Ethics Committee of the Georgian National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (IRB #2020-029). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in both the in-depth interviews and the online survey.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
