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Authors
Kim, Jungeun
Blazyte, Asta
Choi, Jae-Pil
Kim, Changjae
Sharko, Fedor
Jeon, Sungwon
Kim, Eun-Mi
Sohn, Hawsun
Lee, Jong Hee
Kim, Hyun Woo
Yoo, Mi Hyun
Lee, Kyunglee
Nedoluzhko, Artem
Bhak, Jong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Promotion of Innovative Business for Regulation-Free Special Zones funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups ([P0016195, P0016193] (1425156792, 1425157301) (2.220035.01, 2.220036.01), [P0016195, P0016193] (1425156792, 1425157301) (2.220035.01, 2.220036.01), [P0016195, P0016193] (1425156792, 1425157301) (2.220035.01, 2.220036.01), [P0016195, P0016193] (1425156792, 1425157301) (2.220035.01, 2.220036.01))
Ulsan City Research Fund (1.200047.01, 1.200047.01, 1.200047.01, 1.200047.01)
ARCTIC SIRENIA RESEARCH FOUNDATION
National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries, Korea (R2020024, R2021030, R2022033, R2024004, R2020024, R2021030, R2022033, R2024004, R2020024, R2021030, R2022033, R2024004, R2020024, R2021030, R2022033, R2024004, R2020024, R2021030, R2022033, R2024004)
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Article History
Received: 11 July 2024
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 1 August 2025
Declarations
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: The collection of Dokdo sea lion bones was conducted under the permission granted by the Gyeoungbuk province local government for the collection of protected marine organisms (Permit No. 2019–2). We also collected a Z. californianus muscle sample from the Seoul Grand Park, Republic of Korea, obtained during the necropsy process (Permit No. Seoul Grand Park Scientific Research 2020–009). As our study involved extinct animals and cadavers, ethical approval was not required.
: Not applicable.
: C.K. and S.J. were employees of Clinomics Inc. S.J. and J.B. are employees of AgingLab Inc. Other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
