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Article History

Received: 17 April 2025

Accepted: 5 November 2025

First Online: 22 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was granted for exemption from ethical review (project code: 24/64, issued on October 15, 2021) by the Human Experimentation Committee of the Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Throughout the research, we ensured the protection of participants’ rights and identities, adhering to all relevant guidelines and regulations outlined in the experimental protocol on human subjects as per the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to interviews and sample collection, written informed consent was obtained from all volunteers.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.