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Authors
Debiais-Thibaud, Mélanie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-2515
Leurs, Nicolas https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3195-5500
Panara, Virginia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8717-5190
Saclier, Nathanaëlle https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1522-9644
Gueret, Elise https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0714-3197
Lagadec, Ronan https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9418-6040
Fichter, Marc
Besset, Nina https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7878-3716
Deremarque, Théo https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7437-1333
Martinand-Mari, Camille https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9909-0071
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
PhD fellowship
Vetenskapsrådet (2023-06503)
Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse (2024-1281)
Helge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelse ((F25-0279))
Stiftelsen för Zoologisk Forskning
Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contrat ANR-10-INSB-09).
Centre Méditerranéen de l’Environnement et de la Biodiversité
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Article History
Received: 3 October 2025
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: We followed all institutional, national, and international guidelines [European Communities Council Directive of September 22, 2010 (2010/63/UE)] for the handling of small-spotted catshark embryos: no additional approval by an ethics committee was mandatory as the biological material is embryonic and no live experimental procedures were carried out.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
