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Article History

Received: 17 April 2018

Accepted: 6 July 2018

First Online: 14 August 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: SOCCS received ethical and management approvals from the MultiCentre Research Ethics committee for Scotland (approval number MREC/ 01/0/5), 18 Local Research Ethics committees, 18 Caldicott guardians and 16 NHS Trust management committees.GS:SFHS: 05/S1401/89 Tayside Committee on Medical Research Ethics A, Generic Research Tissue Bank approval: GS:SFHS: 10/S1402/20 Tayside Committee on Medical Research Ethics B.Ethics permission for the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 (LBC1921) was obtained from the Lothian Research Ethics Committee (LREC/1998/4/183).Ethics permission for the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) was obtained from the Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee for Scotland (MREC/01/0/56) and the Lothian Research Ethics Committee (LREC/2003/2/29).The research activities of UK Biobank were approved by the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (11/NW/0382) in relation to the process of participant invitation, assessment and follow-up procedures. Additionally, ethics approvals from the National Information Governance Board for Health & Social Care in England and Wales and approval from the Community Health Index Advisory Group in Scotland were also obtained to gain access to the information that would allow the invitation of participants. This study did not need to recontact the participants, and no separate ethics approval was required according to the Ethics and Governance Framework (EGF) of UK Biobank. The approved data request application ID for this analysis is 7441.

: No consent for publication was required.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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