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Article History

Received: 26 September 2018

Accepted: 1 May 2019

First Online: 12 June 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: All participants gave written informed consent prior data collection.UK Biobank has full ethical approval from the NHS National Research Ethics Service (16/NW/0274).

: Not applicable.

: ND is currently a full-time employee of Evidera Inc. which is a contract research organisation providing research and consultancy support for pharmaceutical companies in using real-world data. FZ is a Clinical Research Fellow funded with an unrestricted Educational Grant from Sanofi-Aventis and an unrestricted educational grant from the NIHR CLAHRC East Midlands to the University of Leicester; the funding sources had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. KK has acted as a consultant and speaker for Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, Servier, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. He has received grants in support of investigator and investigator-initiated trials from Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. KK has received funds for research and honoraria for speaking at meetings and has served on advisory boards for Lilly, Sanofi-Aventis, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Novo Nordisk. MJD has acted as consultant, advisory board member, and speaker for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, and Janssen and as a speaker for Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. She has received grants in support of investigator and investigator-initiated trials from Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, and Lilly. All other authors declare there is no duality of interest in connection with their involvement in this study. All other authors declare no competing interests.

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