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Article History

Received: 17 January 2022

Accepted: 10 May 2023

First Online: 24 May 2023

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted across multiple countries and institutions and was approved by all relevant ethics committees and national authorities. Belgium: Medical Ethics Committee UZ Brussel—Ref 2017/122, Denmark: Capital Region of Denmark—Centre for Health—Scientific ethics Committee—Ref: H-17009698, France: Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Méditerranée I—Ref 17 45, Germany: Technical University of Munich—Faculty of Medicine—Ethics Committee—Ref 128/17 Af, Lithuania: Lithuanian Bioethics Committee—Ref 2018–03-21 No. P-I 8–20/2, Sweden: Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg—Ref 189–18, United Kingdom: London—Chelsea Research Ethics Committee—Ref 17/LO/0633. All patients signed informed consent before taking part in the study.

: Data of individual patients were de-identified and used for statistical analysis; no individual patient data are presented in the manuscript.

: JVR, VC, RRA, EG, NB, LVE, MVM, and PV are employees or contractors of Imcyse S.A., Liège, Belgium, and may hold stock options. RDL’s institution received study funding and materials from Imcyse. RDL received an honorarium from DMRR and took part in advisory boards for Diamyd and Provention. MAA’s institution received study funding and materials from Imcyse. MAA received medical writing and APC support from Imcyse; received grants from EFSD, Wellcome Trust, Cardiff University, Wales Kidney Research Unit, and INNODIA; received honoraria from Sanofi Diabetes, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Astra Zeneca, MSD, Novo Nordisk and Bayer; received meeting support from Sanofi Diabetes, Eli Lilly, Takeda, Abbott, Merck, Novo Nordisk, NAPP, Miltenyi Biotec and Servier. CD, BK, and CB’s institutions received study funding and materials from Imcyse. CD received consultancy honoraria, medical writing, and APC support from Imcyse. PA and KRO declare no competing interests.