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Article History

Received: 17 January 2024

Accepted: 6 September 2024

First Online: 8 October 2024

Declarations

:

: The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice guidelines. The protocol and any amendments were approved by institutional review boards at participating centers (Additional file 1: Table S3). Patients provided written informed consent before study participation.

: Not applicable.

: Ji-Youn Han reports: grants or contracts from Takeda, Ono, Roche, and Pfizer; consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Takeda, Amgen, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, J INTS Bio, Oncobix, and Daiichi Sancho; payments or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaux, or writing from AstraZeneca, Takeda, Janssen, Pfizer, Merck, Novartis, and Yuhan; payment for expert testimony from AstraZeneca; payment for participating in data safety monitoring boards or advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Janssen, J INTS Bio, and Abion; leadership or fiduciary role in Health Insurance Review and Assessment.Byoung Chul Cho reports: research funding from MOGAM Institute, LG Chem, Oscotec, Interpark Bio Convergence Corp, GIInnovation, GI-Cell, Abion, Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Blueprint Medicines, Boehringer Ingelheim, Champions Oncology, CJ Bioscience, CJ Blossom Park, Cyrus, Dizal Pharma, Genexine, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Nuvalent, Oncternal, Ono, Regeneron, Dong-A ST, Bridgebio therapeutics, Yuhan, ImmuneOncia, Illumina, Kanaph Therapeutics, Therapex, J INT Sbio, Hanmi, CHA Bundang Medical Center, and Vertical Bio AG; royalties from Champions Oncology, Crown Bioscience, Imagen, and Pearl River Bio GmbH; consulting fees from Abion, BeiGene, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Roche, BMS, CJ, CureLogen, Cyrus Therapeutics, Ono, Onegene Biotechnology, Yuhan, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, GI-Cell, Guardant, HK Inno-N, Imnewrun Biosciences Inc., Janssen, Takeda, MSD, Janssen, Medpacto, Blueprint Medicines, and RandBio, Hanmi; payments for presentations from ASCO, AstraZeneca, Guardant, Roche, ESMO, IASLC, Korean Cancer Association, Korean Society of Medical Oncology, Korean Society of Thyroid-Head and Neck Surgery, Korean Cancer Study Group, Novartis, MSD, The Chinese Thoracic Oncology Society, Pfizer; payments for advisory boards from KANAPH Therapeutic Inc, BridgeBio, Cyrus Therapeutics, Guardant Health, Oscotec Inc, J INTS BIO, Therapex Co., Ltd, Gliead, and Amgen; membership of the board of directors of J INTS BIO; stock ownership in TheraCanVac Inc, Gencurix Inc, BridgeBio, KANAPH Therapeutic Inc, Cyrus Therapeutics, Interpark Bio Convergence Corp., and J INTS BIO; employee of Yonsei University Health System; and founder of DAAN Biotherapeutics.Myung-Ju Ahn reports: consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Roche, MSD, Merck, Takeda, ONO, Novartis, Lilly, Amgen, Yuhan Corporation, and Alpha Pharmaceuticals; and payments or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaux, or writing from AstraZeneca, Roche, MSD, Merck, Takeda, Ono, Novartis, Lilly, Amgen, and Yuhan Corporation.Ki Hyeong Lee reports: grants or contracts from Merck Serono; and consulting fees from MSD, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Yuhan, AstraZeneca, and BMS.Yun-Gyoo Lee reports: payments or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaux, or writing from AstraZeneca, MSD, Yuhan, Lilly, and Boehringer Ingelheim; payment for participating in data safety monitoring boards or advisory boards for BeiGene, Takeda, Guardant Health, Yuhan Corporation, Ono, and Novartis.Dong-Wan Kim reports: clinical trial research funding (to institution) from Alpha Biopharma, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, BridgeBio, BMS, Chong Keun Dang, Daiichi-Sankyo, GSK, Hanmi, Janssen, Merck, Meurs, Mirati, MSD, Novartis, ONO Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Takeda, TP Therapeutics, Xcovery; laboratory research funding (to institution) from InnoN; medical writing assistance from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, BridgeBio, BMS, Chong Keun Dang, Daiichi-Sankyo, GSK, Pfizer, MSD, Merck, Merus, Novartis, Roche, Takeda; honoraria from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer, Korean Cancer Association, Korean Society of Medical Oncology, Taiwan Lung Cancer Society, Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group; travel support for attending meetings from the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group, and the Taiwan Lung Cancer Society; unpaid participation on advisory boards for Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS/ONO Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi-Sankyo, GSK, Janssen, Meck, MSD, Pfizer, SK Biopharm, and Takeda; member of board of directors for the Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Korean Association for Lung Cancer, Korean Cancer Association, Korean Society of Medical Oncology; and paid scientific advisor for the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Republic of Korea.Young Joo Min reports no conflicts.Sang-We Kim reports no conflicts.Eun Kyung Cho reports participation in a data safety monitoring meeting for the Yuhan Corporation for the present study and receipt of study drug from the Yuhan Corporation for the present study.Joo-Hang Kim reports no conflicts.Gyeong-Won Lee reports no conflicts.Sung Sook Lee reports no conflicts.Na Mi Lee is employed by the Yuhan Corporation.Hyun Woo Jang is employed by the Yuhan Corporation.Heewon Han is employed by the Yuhan Corporation.Hyejoo Park is employed by the Yuhan Corporation.Jieon Lee is employed by the Yuhan Corporation.