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Article History

Received: 20 July 2024

Accepted: 9 January 2025

First Online: 21 January 2025

Declarations

:

: All patients provided written informed consent. The study protocol was approved by local institutional review boards at each participating centre. The study was conducted according to the Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: GFR reports consultancy for Boehringer Ingelheim and an educational grant from Anthos, outside the submitted work. No fees are directly received personally. GB reports small speaker fees from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston, BMS, Daiichi, Sanofi, Janssen outside the submitted work. BO was US co-coordinator of GLORIA-AF Registry; TFC reported honoraria for lectures from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Pfizer, and Daiichi Sankyo, outside the submitted work. MVH has been receiving research grants from the Dutch Healthcare Fund, Dutch Heart Foundation, BMS-Pfizer, Bayer Healthcare and Boehringer Ingelheim and consulting fees from BMS-Pfizer, Bayer Healthcare and Boehringer Ingelheim to the institution. MP is investigator of the AFFIRMO project on multimorbidity in AF, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 899871. GYHL has been consultant and speaker for BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Anthos and Daiichi-Sankyo. No fees are directly received personally. All the disclosures happened outside the submitted work. He is a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator and co-PI of the AFFIRMO project on multimorbidity in AF (grant agreement No 899871), TARGET project on digital twins for personalised management of atrial fibrillation and stroke (grant agreement No 101136244) and ARISTOTELES project on artificial intelligence for management of chronic long term conditions (grant agreement No 101080189), which are all funded by the EU’s Horizon Europe Research & Innovation programme.