Document is current

Article History

Received: 12 September 2024

Accepted: 12 March 2025

First Online: 7 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved via the CPRD Research Data Governance process (number 20_067) and feedback from the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee provided on 28/05/2020. No additional ethical approval was required as this study used pseudo-anonymised routinely collected data.

: Not applicable.

: All authors have completed the unified competing interest form (available on request from the corresponding author) and declare: SH and AD have nothing to declare. APU: Institution has received research funding from the European Medicines Agency. GM: Institution has received research funding from the NIHR (HTA and as an NIHR Clinical Lecturer) and the Academy of Medical Sciences. DPA: Institution has received research funding from the European Medicines Agency, Innovative Medicines Initiative, Amgen, Chiesi-Taylor, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis and UCB Biopharma. Received consultancy fees from AstraZeneca and UCB Biopharma. Amgen, Astellas, Janssen, Synapse Management Partners and UCB Biopharma have funded or supported training programmes organised by DPA’s department. AJ: Institution has received research funding from the NIHR, HDR UK, Versus Arthritis, Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership, Royal College of Physicians, and Tommy’s, Health Foundation. MW: Institution has received research funding from the NIHR, NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership, and Ceramtec. Receives royalties from Taylor Francis. Institution receives payment for teaching from Heraeus.