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Authors
Zhang, Yi
Tong, Guangyu
Ma, Ning
Chen, Shaoru
Kong, Yuhao
Rahmartani, Lhuri Dwianti
Aheto, Justice Moses K.
Kanyike, Andrew Marvin
Fan, Pengyang
Ashfikur Rahman, Md
Mkopi, Abdallah
Kim, Rockli
Karoli, Peter
Niyi, John Lapah
Zemene, Melkamu Aderajew
Zhang, Lin
Cheng, Feng
Lu, Chunling
Subramanian, S. V.
Geldsetzer, Pascal
Qiu, Yue
Li, Zhihui
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Article History
Received: 29 October 2024
Accepted: 24 March 2025
First Online: 7 April 2025
Declarations
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: The STEPS survey adhered to stringent ethical standards, ensuring anonymity, confidentiality, and informed consent. We obtained authorization from STEPS to access and use the datasets. This study received approval from the Tsinghua Ethics Institutional Review Board (Project No. 20220005). Due to the use of secondary data, informed consent was waived by the Tsinghua Ethics Institutional Review Board.
: No applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
