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Authors
Martin, Christopher A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2337-4799
Baggaley, Rebecca F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4688-3924
Teece, Lucy
Pan, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1268-2243
Nazareth, Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-9091
Bryant, Luke https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-4851
Rivas, Carol
Woolf, Katherine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-0715
Pareek, Manish https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1521-9964
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Gray, Laura
Nellums, Laura
Guyatt, Anna L
John, Catherine
McManus, I Chris
Abubakar, Ibrahim
Gupta, Amit
Aujayeb, Avinash
Gregary, Bindu
Reza, Rubina
Simpson, Sandra
Zingwe, Stephen
Abrams, Keith R
Tobin, Martin D
Wain, Louise
Carr, Sue
Dove, Edward
Khunti, Kamlesh
Ford, David
Free, Robert
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR302494, NIHR302338)
Medical Research Council (MR/V027549/1)
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Article History
Received: 28 June 2024
Accepted: 11 June 2025
First Online: 22 July 2025
Declarations
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: No additional ethical approval, beyond approvals that are in place for the UK-REACH study (see Methods for details of ethics approval), were required for this analysis. No administrative approvals were required to access the datasets used in this study. The UK-REACH study was approved by the Health Research Authority (Brighton and Sussex Research Ethics Committee; ethics reference: 20/HRA/4718) and registered with ISRCTN (Reference ISRCTN 11811602).
: Not applicable.
: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at http://www.icmje.org/disclosure-of-interest/and declare: no support from any organisation for the submitted work; MP has received grants and personal fees from Gilead Sciences and personal fees from QIAGEN, outside the submitted work; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.
