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Authors
Stein, Dan J.
Ruscio, Ayelet Meron
Altwaijri, Yasmin
Chiu, Wai Tat
Sampson, Nancy A.
Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio
Al-Hamzawi, Ali
Alonso, Jordi
Chardoul, Stephanie
Gureje, Oye
Hu, Chiyi
Karam, Elie G.
McGrath, John J.
Navarro-Mateu, Fernando
Scott, Kate M.
Stagnaro, Juan Carlos
Torres, Yolanda
Vladescu, Cristian
Wciórka, Jacek
Xavier, Miguel
Kessler, Ronald C.
,
Altwaijri, Yasmin A.
Andrade, Laura Helena
Atwoli, Lukoye
Benjet, Corina
Borges, Guilherme
Bruffaerts, Ronny
Bunting, Brendan
Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel
Cardoso, Graça
Degenhardt, Louisa
de Girolamo, Giovanni
Haro, Josep Maria
Harris, Meredith G.
Hinkov, Hristo
Hu, Chiyi
de Jonge, Peter
Karam, Aimee Nasser
Karam, Georges
Kazdin, Alan E.
Kawakami, Norito
Kiejna, Andrzej
Kovess-Masfety, Viviane
Medina-Mora, Maria Elena
Moskalewicz, Jacek
Nishi, Daisuke
Piazza, Marina
Posada-Villa, José
Roest, Annelieke
ten Have, Margreet
Tintle, Nathan
Viana, Maria Carmen
Vigo, Daniel V.
Williams, David R.
Wojtyniak, Bogdan
Zaslavsky, Alan M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
South African Medical Research Council
Ministry of Health – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health
Ministry of Health Iraq
Shenzhen Bureau of Health
Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing
Regional Health Authorities of Murcia
Argentinian Ministry of Health
Polish Ministry of Health
Champalimaud Foundation
National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH070884)
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Article History
Received: 23 February 2025
Accepted: 11 June 2025
First Online: 9 July 2025
Declarations
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: At all survey sites, the local ethics or institutional review committee reviewed and approved the protocol to ensure protection of human subjects, in line with appropriate international and local guidelines. Details of the ethics committees for the WMH surveys can be viewed at this link: .
: Not applicable.
: In the past 3 years, Dr. Kessler was a consultant for Cambridge Health Alliance, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Child Mind Institute, Holmusk, Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Healthcare, Inc., RallyPoint Networks, Inc., Sage Therapeutics and University of North Carolina. He has stock options in Cerebral Inc., Mirah, PYM (Prepare Your Mind), Roga Sciences and Verisense Health. Dr. Stein has received consultancy honoraria from Discovery Vitality, Johnson & Johnson, Kanna, L’Oreal, Lundbeck, Orion, Servier, Seaport Therapeutics, Takeda, Vistagen, and Wellcome. All other authors report no conflicts of interest related to this manuscript.
