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Article History

Received: 14 February 2025

Accepted: 26 June 2025

First Online: 4 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: All authors had full access to the data and gave final approval before submission. All authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

: AM, MJF and RMR are employed by GSK and hold financial equities in GSK. HN received fees from GSK for supporting the development of the present manuscript; the author received grants for his institution from MSD, Pfizer, Icosavax and Innovative Medicines Initiative; consulting fees for his institution from WHO, Pfizer, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Sanofi; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events for his institution from AstraZeneca, GSK, Pfizer; payments to his institution for Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board from GSK, Sanofi, Merck, Icosavax and Pfizer. MP received honoraria for lectures, presentations, or educational events from Siemens Healthineers, Roche, Janssen-Cilag; honoraria for participation on a RSVoaC Virtual Scientific and Regulatory Advisory Board from Sanofi Pasteur; the author declared to be Vice President of the European Society for Clinical Virology. DVG received support for attending meetings from Pfizer and received honoraria for a lecture on RSV vaccination during a meeting sponsored by GSK, Mepha, Teva and Dr. Risch. YL received fees from GSK for supporting the development of the present manuscript; the author received grants for his institution from WHO; consulting fees for his institution from Pfizer and WHO; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from MSD, Pfizer and Sanofi; support for attending meetings and/or travel by Pfizer and Sanofi. XW received fees from GSK (paid to institution) for supporting the development of the present manuscript; grants to institution from National Natural Science Foundation of China; consulting fees from Pfizer; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Merck & Co., Inc. AOS received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from GSK and Sanofi; support or payment for his institution for attending meetings and/or travel by GSK, Sanofi and MSD. JDD received grants or contracts from Sanofi, GSK and Moderna; consulting fees from GSK and Pfizer; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from GSK, Pfizer and Moderna; support for attending meetings and/or travel from GSK and Pfizer. These authors declare no other financial and non-financial relationships and activities and no conflict of interest. AUF, BMC, SM, SS, TZ and YM declare no financial and non-financial relationships and activities and no conflicts of interest.