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Authors
Zhang, Huanyu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6480-2510
Underwood, Benjamin R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3427-9487
London, Sabina https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2242-2641
Zhao, Huitong
Yu, Jiazhou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9249-2721
Feng, Da
Chen, Shanquan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4724-4892
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (24CRK011)
donation from Gnodde Goldman Sachs
NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203312)
NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East of England
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72274071)
Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2023AFB1067)
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Article History
Received: 6 August 2024
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 15 July 2025
Declarations
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: The use of secondary de-identified data makes this study exempt from Institutional Review Board review. All human subjects in the HRS provided informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: BRU is the research and development director at CPFT and elected vice chair of the faculty of old age psychiatry at the Royal College of Psychiatrists. He is the clinical director of the Windsor Unit at Fulbourn Hospital (CPFT), which delivers clinical trials in dementia/mild cognitive impairment for academic and commercial organisations without personal benefit and is the clinical lead for dementia for the NIHR Clinical Research Network (CRN) in the East of England. His lectureship is funded by Gnodde Goldman-Sachs Giving. He has been the principal investigator on trials for Axovant, Pfizer, and EIP Pharma amongst others; his institution has benefited from payment for research carried out but he has not personally received any money. He is a member of an advisory board for Eli Lilly. Other authors declare no conflict of interest with this work.
