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Authors
Feng, Qi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-9421
Izzi-Engbeaya, Chioma N.
Beaney, Thomas
Smith, Alexander G.
Manousou, Pinelopi
Woodward, Mark
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Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 31 July 2025
Declarations
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: UK Biobank received ethical approval from the National Information Governance Board for Health and Social Care and the National Health Service North West Multi-centre Centre for Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 21/NW/0157). All participants provided informed consent at recruitment to the study for their data to be used for health-related research that was in the public interest.UK Biobank has approval from the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee as a Research Tissue Bank approval. This approval means that researchers do not require separate ethical clearance.
: All authors have approved this manuscript for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
