Lin, Nan
Li, Lian
Gao, Weifang
Hu, Peng
Yuan, Gonglin
Sun, Heyang
Qi, Fang
Wang, Lin
Wang, Shengsong
Liang, Zi
He, Haibo
Dong, Yisu
Gao, Zaifen
Shao, Xiaoqiu
Cui, Liying
Lu, Qiang
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Project (2022YFC2503800, 2022YFC2503800, 2022YFC2503800)
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2023-I2M-C&T-B-023, 2023-I2M-C&T-B-023)
Big Data Science and Technology Project of Jinan Municipal Health Commission (2022-YBD-17)
Science and Technology Program of the Joint Fund of Scientific Research for the Public Hospitals of Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences (2024GLLH0452)
Article History
Received: 18 April 2025
Accepted: 1 August 2025
First Online: 15 August 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the research ethics committees of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (I-22PJ169), Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (SDFE-IRB/MP-2024010-01), and Beijing Tiantan Hospital (KY2025-013-01). Patients had provided written informed assent for the Collection and Application of Clinical Sample and Medical Data certified and approved by the ethics committees.
: Patients had provided written informed consent for the collection, application, and non-commercial publication of de-identified clinical samples and medical data on their hospital admission. The consent is certified and approved by the research ethics committees of Peking Union Medical College Hospital.
: The authors declare no competing interests.